Nau’in hali
INTP-RA
Mai Nazari · Mai Saurin Ji kuma Mai Fafutuka
Mai shiru, mai bincike, mai shakka, mai sassauci.
- IMai son kaɗaiciSon jama’a
- NMai hasasheBuɗaɗɗen tunani
- TMai tsauriSauƙin kai
- PMai sassauciƘwazo
- RMai saurin jiNatsuwar zuciya
- AMai buriGaskiya da tawali’u
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A taƙaice
Matsaloli da ka’idoji marasa zahiri suna jan hankalinku, kuma kuna jin daɗin tambayar abubuwan da ake ɗauka a matsayin gaskiya. Kun fi son tsari mara tsauri da lokacin yin tunani ku kaɗai, kuma kun fi damuwa da samun abu daidai fiye da faranta wa kowa rai.
Kuna jin motsin rai da ƙarfi (natsuwar zuciya ƙarama) kuma matsayi da karɓuwa suna motsa ku (gaskiya da tawali’u ƙanana). Burin samun nasara zai iya zama inji mai ƙarfi. Ku yi hattara da damuwar da take zuwa idan kuka ɗaura darajarku da sakamako.
Haruffa shida
Kun fi son ƙananan taruka da wurare masu natsuwa, kuma yawanci kuna tunani kafin ku yi magana. Son kaɗaici ba ɗaya yake da jin kunya ko damuwa ba. Waɗannan suna cikin wata sifa dabam (natsuwar zuciya).
Kuna son bincike kuma kuna da hasashe, kuma kuna jin daɗin ra’ayoyi marasa zahiri, ka’idoji da sababbin abubuwa.
Kuna magana kai tsaye, kuna da shakka kuma kuna son gasa, kuma kuna sa gaskiya da sakamako a gaban jituwa.
Kuna yin abu nan take kuma kuna saurin sabawa da yanayi. Kuna son barin hanyoyi a buɗe kuma kuna aiki ta hanyar fashewar kuzari.
Kuna jin motsin rai da ƙarfi kuma kuna saurin lura da damuwa da haɗari. Fargaba da sauyin yanayin zuciya suna zuwa muku cikin sauƙi fiye da yawancin mutane.
Matsayi, nasara da karɓuwa suna motsa ku, ba ku da takura wajen tallata kanku, kuma kuna shirye ku buga wasan don ku ci gaba.
Yadda sifofinku suke haɗuwa
- Yawan hasashe da ƙarancin tsari: wataƙila kuna da ra’ayoyi fiye da waɗanda kuke kammalawa. Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana da alaƙa da ƙirƙira, ƙwazo kuma yana da alaƙa da kammala aiki, don haka wani tsari ko mutumin da zai taimaka muku ku kammala abin da kuka fara zai ninka ƙarfinku.[4][5]
- Son kaɗaici da saurin ji sifofi ne dabam-dabam, amma idan suka haɗu damuwa za ta iya keɓe ku. Ku yi tunani tun da wuri kan hanyoyi masu sauƙi na neman taimako, kafin ku buƙace shi.[7]
- Ƙarancin tsari da saurin jin damuwa za su iya rura juna: ranakun ƙarshe da aka wuce suna kawo damuwa, damuwa kuma tana sa tsarawa ya yi wuya. Ƙananan halaye na waje suna karya wannan zagaye.
Ƙarfi
- Kuna saurin sabawa idan tsare-tsare suka canza, kuma ba ku da takura wajen ƙirƙirar mafita nan take.
- Wannan sifa tana sauyawa sosai. A matsakaici, mutane suna ƙara samun natsuwar zuciya yayin da suke ƙara shekaru.[1]
- Ana iya yin tasiri a kanta. A wani nazari na tsari kan binciken tsoma baki (yawancinsu na jinyar tunani), natsuwar zuciya ce ta fi sauyawa a cikin dukkan sifofi.[2]
- Manajoji marasa yawan son jama’a sun sami sakamako mafi kyau fiye da manajoji masu son jama’a lokacin da suke jagorantar ƙungiyoyi masu ƙwazo, saboda sun fi saurare da amfani da ra’ayoyin ’yan ƙungiya.[3]
- Kuna jin daɗin dogon aiki mai zurfin mai da hankali da yin aiki ku kaɗai.
- Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana da alaƙa mai daidaito da nasarar ƙirƙira, a fasaha da kuma a kimiyya.[4]
- Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana hasashen nasara a horo, wato koyo yayin aiki.[5]
- Kuna iya ba da ra’ayi mai kaifi, yin ciniki da ƙarfi da yanke shawarwarin da ba kowa ne yake so ba.
- Ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana da alaƙa da samun kuɗi mafi yawa, musamman a wajen maza.[6]
- Ci gaba yana ba ku ƙwarin gwiwa, kuma ba ku da takura a gasa, tallata kai da sakamakon da ake iya gani.
- Abubuwan da suke motsa ku kamar matsayi da kuɗi (waɗanda bisa ma’ana suna cikin wannan sifa) sun dace da abubuwan ƙarfafawa kamar kamashon, hannun jari a kamfani ko hanyar hawa matakin gudanarwa.
Abubuwan lura
- Yawan saurin damuwa yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da cututtukan fargaba da baƙin ciki mai tsanani da kuma shaye-shaye. Idan kuna cikin wani lokaci mai wahala yanzu, taimakon ƙwararru yana aiki.[7][2]
- Saurin damuwa ita ce alaƙa mafi ƙarfi (mara kyau) tsakanin hali da gamsuwa da aiki.[8]
- Ƙarancin ƙwazo yana da alaƙa da jinkirta abubuwa da halaye masu haɗari ga lafiya (abinci, motsa jiki, shaye-shaye).[9][10]
- A dukkan ayyuka, ƙarancin ƙwazo a matsakaici yana hasashen ƙarancin ƙwazon aiki.[5]
- Ƙarancin gaskiya da tawali’u yana haɗuwa sosai da “dark triad” (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy).[11]
- Ita ce sifa a tsarin HEXACO da ta fi alaƙa mai ƙarfi da halaye masu cutarwa a wurin aiki.[12]
- Mutanen da suke ƙasa a wannan sifa ba sa yawan haɗa kai a wasannin tattalin arziki da suka dogara da aminci. Abin da ake rasawa shi ne kyakkyawan suna da aminci na dogon lokaci.[13]
- Ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana hasashen hanyoyi masu ɓarna a rashin jituwa.[14]
- A yankuna 10 na duniya, ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana da alaƙa da rashin aminci a dangantaka.[15]
- Wataƙila kuna buƙatar ƙoƙari da gangan don gina hanyar sadarwa da mutane da kuma a gan ku. Son jama’a yana da alaƙa da wanda yake fitowa a matsayin shugaba.[16]
- A binciken rubutun yau da kullum (experience sampling), mutane sun ba da rahoton yanayi mafi kyau a lokutan da suka yi mu’amala kamar masu son jama’a. Haka ma ya kasance ga masu son kaɗaici. Kayan aiki ne da za ku iya amfani da shi, ba wajibi ba ne.[17]
- Kuna iya rasa sha’awa idan abu ya zama na yau da kullum. Ku tsara matakin kula da ayyuka tun da wuri.
Aiki da sana’a
Hali yana hasashen sha’awa kaɗan ne kawai, don haka ku ɗauki waɗannan a matsayin wurin farawa. Sha’awarku, ƙwarewarku da ƙa’idodinku sun fi nau’i muhimmanci.
Waɗanne sana’o’i ne suka dace da sha’awarku? Gwajin sana’a (da Turanci) →
- Ayyuka masu ɗawainiya dabam-dabam da saurin samun martani sun dace da ku. Ku aro tsari daga kayan aiki, ranakun ƙarshe da abokan aiki.
- Ƙarancin son jama’a yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha’awar ayyukan kasuwanci da na zamantakewa. Wannan alaƙa matsakaiciya ce kawai, don haka ya fi kyau ku auna sha’awarku kai tsaye.[18]
- Ku nemi matsayin da yake da kariyar lokaci don aiki mai zurfin mai da hankali da kuma damar sadarwa ta rubutu ko wadda ba sai an amsa nan take ba.
- Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana da alaƙa mafi ƙarfi tsakanin hali da sha’awa: da sha’awar fasaha. Yana da alaƙa kuma da sha’awar bincike.[18]
- Ku nemi aikin da ba za ku daina koyo ba: bincike, zane, dabaru, rubutu ko sababbin fannoni.
- A matsakaici, masu kafa kamfani suna da ɗan ƙarancin sauƙin kai fiye da manajoji.[19]
- Kuna iya yin nasara inda ake daraja ra’ayi na suka: binciken kuɗi, shari’a, zuba jari, kula da inganci ko gyaran rubutu.
- Hasashen yanayin aiki, iko kan yawan aiki da shugaban da yake goyon bayanku sun fi muhimmanci a gare ku. Ku yi la’akari da su lokacin zaɓar aiki.
- Fannoni masu gasa da manyan lada kamar sayarwa, kafa kasuwanci, tattaunawar ciniki da matsayin da ake biya bisa ƙwazo sun dace da abubuwan da suke motsa ku. Bayyanannun ƙa’idojin ɗabi’a suna kare amincin da dogon aiki yake dogara da shi.
Soyayya da dangantaka
- Saurin damuwa yana hasashen ƙarancin gamsuwa da ɗorewa a dangantaka. Idan kuka faɗi abin da yake damun ku (“ina cikin damuwa, ban yi fushi da kai ba”), kuna taimaka wa masoyinku ya mayar da martani yadda ya dace.[20][21]
- Sauƙin kai na masoyi yana da alaƙa da gamsuwa. Ku haɗa suka da karimci da ake iya gani a fili.[20]
- A yankuna 10 na duniya, ƙarancin ƙwazo yana da alaƙa da rashin aminci a dangantaka. Bayyanannun yarjejeniyoyi suna taimakawa.[15]
- Ƙwazon masoyi yana da alaƙa da gamsuwa: cika ƙananan alkawura yana da muhimmanci.[20]
- Ana gina aminci ta hanyar daidaito. Da lokaci, masoyi zai lura da fadanci da nuna abin da ba haka yake ba.[11]
- Son kaɗaici yana hasashen gamsuwa a dangantaka kaɗan ƙwarai. Halin yin shiru ba matsalar dacewa ba ne.[20]
- A nazarce-nazarce, buɗaɗɗen tunani kusan ba shi da alaƙa da gamsuwar masoyi. Son bincike na tare batun ɗanɗano ne, ba mai hasashen dacewa ba.[20]
Abota
- Wataƙila kuna samun abokai a hankali. Son jama’a ya fi hasashen yawan abokan da za ku samu fiye da yadda abotar take kurkusa.[22][23]
- Haɗuwa masu natsuwa akai-akai (yawo na kowane mako, kira a wata rana ta musamman) suna gina kusanci ba tare da gajiyar da ku ba.
- Abokan da suke daraja gaskiya za su daraja ku. Wasu kuma wataƙila za su buƙaci ku sassauta yadda kuke faɗin abu.
- Zama da ku yana da daɗi kuma kuna ƙarfafa gwiwa. Ku tabbatar abokanku suna jin kuna daraja su don yadda suke, ba don abin da za su iya ba ku ba.
- Zama da ku yana da daɗi kuma yana da sauƙi a jitu da ku. Ku saka tunatarwa don ranakun haihuwa da tuntuɓar mutane.
- Sau da yawa kuna lura idan abokai suna cikin wahala. Ku zaɓi abokan da su ma za su iya karɓar yadda kuke ji.
- Kuna samun kuzari daga abokan da za ku iya musayar ra’ayoyi, littattafai da sababbin abubuwa da su.
Damuwa da walwala
- Saurin damuwa shi ne mai hasashe mara kyau mafi ƙarfi na hali ga walwala. Barci, motsa jiki da jinyar da ta dogara da shaida (misali jinyar tunani da ɗabi’a, CBT) suna kawo babban bambanci.[24][2]
- A matsakaici, masu son kaɗaici suna ba da rahoton ɗan ƙarancin jin daɗin rai fiye da masu son jama’a. Natsuwar zuciya tana da tasiri mafi girma a kan walwala.[24]
- Ƙwazo yana da alaƙa da gamsuwa da rayuwa, don haka saka jari a tsarin waje yana da riba.[24]
- Ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana da raunanniyar alaƙa ne kawai da ƙarancin walwala.[24]
- Gaskiya da tawali’u suna da alaƙa da sakamako da yawa masu amfani ga al’umma. Dangantakar da aka gina a kan adalci daga ɓangarorin biyu tana ƙara ɗorewa.[25]
- Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana da raunanniyar alaƙa ne kawai da gamsuwa da rayuwa gabaɗaya.[24]
Ci gaba
- A binciken sauya sifofi da gangan, ƙoƙari na da gangan don ƙara natsuwa ya kawo sauyi da ake iya aunawa.[26]
- Mutanen da suka kafa takamaiman manufofin sauya wata sifa sun nuna sauyi da ake iya aunawa cikin ’yan watanni.[26]
- Kafin ku ƙalubalanci wani, ku taƙaita matsayinsa ta yadda shi kansa zai yarda da shi.
- Ku tsara taron zamantakewa da kuke jin daɗinsa da gaske, kuma ku ware lokacin hutawa bayansa.
- Ku zaɓi fanni ɗaya da za ku kasance cikakken mai bayyana gaskiya. Da lokaci, wannan yakan zama kyakkyawan suna.
- Ku haɗa ƙirƙirar ra’ayoyi da ranar ƙarshe ko da wanda zai taimaka muku ku kammala.
Yaya ƙarfin waɗannan sakamako yake?
Alaƙar da ke tsakanin sifofi da sakamakon rayuwa da aka ambata a nan gaskiya ce kuma ana iya maimaita ta, amma kowacce ita kaɗai ƙarama ce. Alaƙar da aka saba gani ita ce r ≈ 0.10–0.30, wato sifofi suna sauya yiwuwa ne maimakon su yanke sakamako. Wani babban aikin maimaita bincike ya tabbatar da kusan kashi 87% na alaƙar da aka gwada, yawanci da tasiri ɗan ƙasa da wanda aka ruwaito tun farko.[29] Layukan da ba su da majiya shawarwari ne na aiki, ba sakamakon bincike ba.
Majiyoyi
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- Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530–541.
- Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94.
- Bogg, T., & Roberts, B. W. (2004). Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: A meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality. Psychological Bulletin, 130(6), 887–919.
- Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2005). Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism in the Five-Factor Model and the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1571–1582.
- Pletzer, J. L., Bentvelzen, M., Oostrom, J. K., & de Vries, R. E. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relations between personality and workplace deviance: Big Five versus HEXACO. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 369–383.
- Thielmann, I., Spadaro, G., & Balliet, D. (2020). Personality and prosocial behavior: A theoretical framework and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(1), 30–90.
- Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Agreeableness as a moderator of interpersonal conflict. Journal of Personality, 69(2), 323–362.
- Schmitt, D. P. (2004). The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: Differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity. European Journal of Personality, 18(4), 301–319.
- Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 765–780.
- Fleeson, W., Malanos, A. B., & Achille, N. M. (2002). An intraindividual process approach to the relationship between extraversion and positive affect: Is acting extraverted as "good" as being extraverted? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1409–1422.
- Larson, L. M., Rottinghaus, P. J., & Borgen, F. H. (2002). Meta-analyses of Big Six interests and Big Five personality factors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(2), 217–239.
- Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259–271.
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- Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34.
- Selfhout, M., Burk, W., Branje, S., Denissen, J., van Aken, M., & Meeus, W. (2010). Emerging late adolescent friendship networks and Big Five personality traits: A social network approach. Journal of Personality, 78(2), 509–538.
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- Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 138–161.
- Zettler, I., Thielmann, I., Hilbig, B. E., & Moshagen, M. (2020). The nomological net of the HEXACO model of personality: A large-scale meta-analytic investigation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 723–760.
- Hudson, N. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2015). Volitional personality trait change: Can people choose to change their personality traits? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), 490–507.
- McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 57(1), 17–40.
- Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(2), 150–166.
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