ESTP-CM · Mai Aiwatarwa · Natsattse kuma Mai Gaskiya
Ƙarfi da raunin ESTP-CM: damuwa da ci gaban kai
A taƙaice, ESTP-CM: jarumi, mai aiki da zahiri, mai son gasa, mai yin abu nan take, kuma a ƙarin sifofi biyu, mai natsuwa da mai tawali’u. A ƙasa: inda ESTP-CM yakan yi fice, inda yakan yi tuntuɓe, yadda yake jure damuwa, da abin da bincike ya ce game da sauyin sifofi a tsawon lokaci.
Kuna son jama’a, kuna karkata ga aiki, kuna magana kai tsaye kuma kuna saurin sabawa. Kun fi jin daɗin yanayi mai sauri, gasa da warware matsaloli nan take fiye da tsara abubuwa na nesa. Kuna kasancewa cikin natsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsi (natsuwar zuciya mai yawa) kuma kuna da tawali’u da adalci (gaskiya da tawali’u masu yawa). Sau da yawa wasu suna ganin ku a matsayin abin dogaro a lokacin wahala da kuma amintattu da nauyi.
Bayanin ESTP-CM, harafi bayan harafi
Yadda kowane harafi yakan bayyana. Waɗannan bayanin sifofin ne, ba sakamakon bincike ba.
Kuzarin zamantakewa babbar dukiya ce. Haɗarinsa shi ne rufe muryoyin masu shiru, har da lokacinku na yin tunani.
Kallon zahiri yana sa ƙafafunku su kasance a ƙasa. Ƙalubalen shi ne ku ba sababbin hanyoyi dama ta adalci, ƙaramar gwaji, kafin ku ƙi su.
Gaskiya tana da amfani. Ƙalubalen shi ne tabbatar da cewa ana karɓarta a matsayin taimako, ba hari ba.
Saurin sabawa dukiya ce. Ƙalubalen shi ne gina tsari daidai wanda zai isa ku kammala abin da yake da muhimmanci a gare ku.
Natsuwa dukiya ce. Ƙalubalen shi ne lura da damuwar da wasu suke ciki, kuma lokaci-lokaci a kanku ma, wadda ba ku jin ta da ƙarfi.
Mutunci yana gina aminci. Ƙalubalen shi ne ku kare kanku ba tare da jin cewa kuna taƙama ba.
Ƙarfin ESTP-CM
- Kuna saurin sabawa idan tsare-tsare suka canza, kuma ba ku da takura wajen ƙirƙirar mafita nan take.
- Son jama’a ita ce sifar da ta fi daidaito wajen alaƙa da wanda yake fitowa a matsayin shugaba a cikin ƙungiyoyi.[1]
- A matsakaici, masu son jama’a suna ba da rahoton ƙarin jin daɗin rai.[2]
- Kuna saurin gina hanyar sadarwa da mutane, wanda yake taimakawa ga damammakin da suke zuwa ta hanyar shawarwarin mutane.
- Kuna iya ba da ra’ayi mai kaifi, yin ciniki da ƙarfi da yanke shawarwarin da ba kowa ne yake so ba.
- Ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana da alaƙa da samun kuɗi mafi yawa, musamman a wajen maza.[3]
- Kuna mai da hankali kan abin da yake aiki, kuma ba kasafai sabon abu yake jan ku ba saboda kawai sabo ne.
- Sau da yawa kuna kawo hangen zahiri mai natsuwa a cikin ƙungiyoyin da ra’ayoyi marasa zahiri suka ɗauke hankalinsu.
Rauni da wuraren makanta na ESTP-CM
- Ƙarancin ƙwazo yana da alaƙa da jinkirta abubuwa da halaye masu haɗari ga lafiya (abinci, motsa jiki, shaye-shaye).[4][5]
- A dukkan ayyuka, ƙarancin ƙwazo a matsakaici yana hasashen ƙarancin ƙwazon aiki.[6]
- A wani bincike na fili, manajoji masu son jama’a sun sami sakamako mafi rauni wajen jagorantar ƙungiyoyi masu ƙwazo, saboda ba su buɗe kunne sosai ga ra’ayoyin ’yan ƙungiya ba.[7]
- A wani binciken sayarwa, mutane masu matsakaicin son jama’a (“ambiverts”) sun fi sayarwa fiye da masu tsananin son jama’a, waɗanda wataƙila an ga kamar suna tilastawa.[8]
- Ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana hasashen hanyoyi masu ɓarna a rashin jituwa.[9]
- A yankuna 10 na duniya, ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana da alaƙa da rashin aminci a dangantaka.[10]
- Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana hasashen nasara a horo. A fannonin da suke sauyawa da sauri, ku yi tsammanin ƙarin ƙoƙarin koyo.[6]
- Wataƙila kuna saurin ƙin ra’ayoyin da ba ku saba da su ba. Ku fara gwada su a ƙaramin mataki kafin ku yanke shawara.
Abin da haruffan -CM suke ƙara wa ESTP a ƙarfi da rauni
C = Mai natsuwa (natsuwar zuciya), M = Mai tawali’u (gaskiya da tawali’u). Gwajin gargajiya na haruffa huɗu ba ya auna ko ɗaya daga cikinsu, amma duka biyu suna da muhimmanci a damuwa da ci gaba:
- Natsuwar zuciya (ƙarancin saurin damuwa) ita ce alaƙa mafi ƙarfi tsakanin hali da gamsuwa da aiki.[11]
- Ƙarancin saurin damuwa yana da alaƙa da ƙaramin haɗarin cututtukan fargaba da baƙin ciki mai tsanani (depression).[12]
- Natsuwar zuciya tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da shugabanci.[1]
- Saboda yana da wuya a girgiza ku, wataƙila kuna yin watsi da damuwar wasu. Ya fi kyau ku tambaya maimakon ku yi zato.
- Daga cikin manyan sifofi, gaskiya da tawali’u suna daga cikin masu hasashen halin adalci da haɗin kai mafi ƙarfi a wasannin tattalin arziki.[13]
- Gaskiya da tawali’u su ne masu hasashe mafi ƙarfi a tsarin HEXACO na ƙarancin halaye marasa kyau a wurin aiki (sata, zagon ƙasa, ƙauracewa aiki).[14]
- Wataƙila kuna raina nasarorinku ko guje wa tattaunawar ciniki. Kare kanku cikin adalci ba girman kai ba ne.
- Wataƙila ladan matsayi (muƙamai, alawus-alawus) ba sa motsa ku. Ku zaɓi aikin da yake ba da ladan manufa ko farin cikin aikin da aka yi da kyau.
ESTP-CM a ƙarƙashin damuwa: walwala da jure damuwa
- Natsuwar zuciya tana daga cikin abubuwan hali mafi ƙarfi wajen hasashen walwala.[15]
- Mutanen da suke da ƙarancin saurin damuwa ba sa yawan janyewa ko dogara da fatan banza idan suna cikin damuwa.[16]
- Son jama’a yana daga cikin alaƙoƙi mafi ƙarfi tsakanin hali da jin daɗin rai da gamsuwa da rayuwa.[15]
- Son jama’a yana da alaƙa da jure damuwa ta hanyar warware matsaloli da sake kallon yanayi ta fuska mafi kyau.[16]
- Ƙwazo yana da alaƙa da gamsuwa da rayuwa, don haka saka jari a tsarin waje yana da riba.[15]
- Ƙarancin sauƙin kai yana da raunanniyar alaƙa ne kawai da ƙarancin walwala.[15]
- Gabaɗaya, gaskiya da tawali’u suna da alaƙa da sakamako masu amfani ga al’umma da na ɗabi’a ta gari a fannoni da yawa na rayuwa.[17]
- Buɗaɗɗen tunani yana da raunanniyar alaƙa ne kawai da gamsuwa da rayuwa. Kasancewa mai aiki da zahiri ba ya rage walwalarku.[15]
Shawarwarin ci gaban kai ga ESTP-CM
- Ku saba da yin tambayoyi kafin ku faɗi ra’ayinku. Wannan yana taimakawa musamman a ƙungiyoyi masu ƙwazo.[7]
- Ku ƙara sabuwar ƙwarewa ko sabon abu ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya, kuma ku haɗa shi da wani abu mai amfani da kuke yi tuni.
- Kafin ku ƙalubalanci wani, ku taƙaita matsayinsa ta yadda shi kansa zai yarda da shi.
- Mutanen da suka kafa takamaiman manufofin sauya wata sifa sun nuna sauyi da ake iya aunawa cikin ’yan watanni.[18]
- Ku saba da faɗin yadda kuke ji a fili. Wasu za su iya ɗauka cewa natsuwarku sanyin rai ne.
- Kafin kimanta aiki da tattaunawar ciniki, ku rubuta gudummawarku don kada tawali’unku ya ɓoye ta.
- Sifofi suna iya canzawa. A wani gwaji bazuwa na shirin horarwa ta wayar salula na watanni uku, mutanen da suka so sauya wata sifa sun sauya fiye da rukunin kwatanci zuwa gefen da suke so, kuma yawancin sauyin ya ɗore a lokacin bibiya.[19]
- A matsakaici, mutane suna ƙara natsuwar zuciya, sauƙin kai da ƙwazo yayin da suke girma.[20]
Yaya ƙarfin waɗannan sakamako yake?
- Haruffa huɗu na gargajiya suna daidai da huɗu daga cikin sifofin Big Five (son jama’a, buɗaɗɗen tunani, sauƙin kai, ƙwazo), shi ya sa binciken Big Five ya shafe su.[21]
- Alaƙoƙin da ke tsakanin sifofi da sakamako gaskiya ne amma kowanne ƙarami ne: alaƙar da aka saba gani tana kusan 0.10 zuwa 0.30, don haka sifofi suna sauya yiwuwa ne maimakon su yanke sakamako. Wani babban aikin maimaita bincike ya tabbatar da yawancin alaƙoƙin da aka gwada, yawanci da tasiri ɗan ƙasa.[22][23]
Layukan da ba su da majiya shawarwarin aiki ne ko bayanin sifofi, ba sakamakon bincike ba.
Gwajin kyauta yana auna dukkan sifofi shida a matsayin percentile. Tambayoyi 62, kusan minti 8, ba rajista.
Ku yi gwajin kyautaShafukan da suka shafi wannan
Majiyoyi
- Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 765–780.
- Lucas, R. E., & Fujita, F. (2000). Factors influencing the relation between extraversion and pleasant affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 1039–1056.
- Judge, T. A., Livingston, B. A., & Hurst, C. (2012). Do nice guys—and gals—really finish last? The joint effects of sex and agreeableness on income. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 390–407.
- Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94.
- Bogg, T., & Roberts, B. W. (2004). Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: A meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality. Psychological Bulletin, 130(6), 887–919.
- Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26.
- Grant, A. M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 528–550.
- Grant, A. M. (2013). Rethinking the extraverted sales ideal: The ambivert advantage. Psychological Science, 24(6), 1024–1030.
- Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Agreeableness as a moderator of interpersonal conflict. Journal of Personality, 69(2), 323–362.
- Schmitt, D. P. (2004). The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: Differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity. European Journal of Personality, 18(4), 301–319.
- Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530–541.
- Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking "big" personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 768–821.
- Thielmann, I., Spadaro, G., & Balliet, D. (2020). Personality and prosocial behavior: A theoretical framework and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(1), 30–90.
- Pletzer, J. L., Bentvelzen, M., Oostrom, J. K., & de Vries, R. E. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relations between personality and workplace deviance: Big Five versus HEXACO. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 369–383.
- Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 138–161.
- Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080–1107.
- Zettler, I., Thielmann, I., Hilbig, B. E., & Moshagen, M. (2020). The nomological net of the HEXACO model of personality: A large-scale meta-analytic investigation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 723–760.
- Hudson, N. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2015). Volitional personality trait change: Can people choose to change their personality traits? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), 490–507.
- Stieger, M., Flückiger, C., Rüegger, D., Kowatsch, T., Roberts, B. W., & Allemand, M. (2021). Changing personality traits with the help of a digital personality change intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(8), e2017548118.
- Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 1–25.
- McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 57(1), 17–40.
- Soto, C. J. (2019). How replicable are links between personality traits and consequential life outcomes? The Life Outcomes of Personality Replication Project. Psychological Science, 30(5), 711–727.
- Ozer, D. J., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2006). Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 401–421.